Overview Management Stable Angina Pectoris
Angina pectoris is the paroxysmal occurrence of chest pain up to 15-minute duration, which is caused by reduced blood supply to the heart muscle.
The heart is a powerful muscle the heart has four chambers inside, divided into two Atria and two ventricles. Oxygen-poor blood enters the right atrium and the right ventricle to the pulmonary circulation pump. Oxygen-rich blood enters the left atrium and is pumped into the large flows from the left ventricle. Heart muscle contraction is controlled and coordinated by signals that pass through an electrical wiring located inside the cardiac tissue.
The heart is a large muscle that works all the time; it needed continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients. This influx occurs via the blood. From the first part of the aorta leaves two arteries (right and left coronary artery) extending around the outside of the heart muscle. Coronary Arteries parts gradually into small branches as "pop down" in the muscles and provides blood supply to all parts of the heart.
When we work hard, make the heart pump stronger and faster to bring enough blood around the muscles and the other organs throughout the body. To do this, your heart needed more nutrients and oxygen, therefore, also the blood supply to the heart muscle increase. A healthy heart can increase blood flow to the coronary arteries to the nine-twice what it is in the rest.
What is angina pectoris?
Angina pectoris is the paroxysmal occurrence of chest pain up to 15-minute duration, which is caused by reduced blood supply in the heart muscle. Seizures triggered by exertion or strong emotional reactions, decreases rapidly and disappears after a few minutes of rest. Taking Nitroglycerin, melting in the mouth, provide pain relief within 1-3 minutes.
The pain of angina is described as the clamping and constricted end, possibly as a push or a warm feeling all over my chest. They felt behind the breastbone and can radiate to the left shoulder and arm, sometimes up into the jaw. Seizures triggered more easily when it is cold and after a big meal.
It is about 100000-150000 angina patients.
What causes angina pectoris?
The heart muscle, like all tissues throughout the body, depending on the continuous supply of oxygen (oxygen) from the blood (see drawing of the heart). The pain of angina pectoris due to heart muscle gets less oxygen than it needs, and so lack of oxygen in muscles and pain.
The reason why the heart gets less oxygen is atherosclerosis and narrow portion of the blood vessels that supply the heart, the so-called coronary arteries ( see drawing of atherosclerosis ). When the heart works harder, it requires more oxygen, and because of the stricture is not sufficient blood to the part of the heart muscle which depends on the blood from this artery ( see the drawing of the heart during the angina attacks ). This is why symptoms worsen with exertion.
Several factors make you more likely to develop angina pectoris:
- Hypertension
- High cholesterol
- Smoking
- Diabetes type 1 and type 2
- Small Exercise
- Tendency to react with aggression to stress
- Hereditary factors
- High age
Men are welcome to angina pectoris at a younger age than women.
How diagnosed condition?
The diagnosis can be made upon the basis of the typical symptoms that exist. If the diagnosis is uncertain, will make a load ECG. This is a test of the heart taken during cycling on an exercise bike, and this test will often confirm the diagnosis. In a few hospitals in Norway can also make known scintigraphic examination of the heart.
X-ray contrast imaging of the arteries ( cardiac catheterization ) shows exactly which blood vessels are clogged, and degree of density. Before an operation must make such an inquiry.
How is the long-term prospect?
Treatment is aimed at slowing the progression of atherosclerosis and keep the disease stable. If we manage to stabilize the condition (smoking cessation, exercise and medication) the prognosis is good in both the short and long term.
Angina can lead to sick leave and disability, depending on how the pronounced arteriosclerotic process is, and to what extent you are bothered.
The complications attempting to prevent the treatment infarction, and possibly heart failure.
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