Public Health epidemiology
Definition
Epidemiology is the study of the relationship between diseases or other biological phenomenon and various factors (time division and space; link between factors).
Epidemiology is the study of the frequency and distribution in time and space of human health problems, taking into account the role of influencing factors.
The three types of epidemiology with the issues studied.
- Descriptive epidemiology: It gives the answer to the questions: When, where, with whom there is a health problem?
- Analytical epidemiology and an etiological epidemiology: tests of a hypothesis about the causal role of certain factors (preferably those that can change).
- Evaluative Epidemiology: It seeks to measure the effectiveness of health interventions.
The epidemiology produces useful knowledge to five types of concerns are what one might call the functions of epidemiology:
- Systematic health surveillance.
- The measure of the importance of health problems.
- The identification of high-risk groups and risk factors.
- Etiological research.
- The health assessment.
- Health factors:
- Geographical factors:
Climate.
Communications.
- Demographic factors:
Government policy to family planning.
Urban concentration and rural spread.
Migration.
- Psycho-cultural factors:
Mentality of the people to health problems.
Customs, beliefs, traditions.
- Socio-economic factors:
Urbanization and rural development.
Lifestyles.
Employment situation.
- Political factors:
Health Legislation (sectoral coordination of actions).
International aid.
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