Pediatric Nursing area History The Nineteenth Century
In the nineteenth-century medicine knows the specialized pediatric and became one of the most important, precisely because of the new approach to medical disciplines based on observations and theoretical formulations: chemical, biological, pathological. The child, both in physiological and pathological in that it is a biological entity in itself, requiring a more rational definition of hygiene, its food needs, precautionary methods of its prevention of diseases.
One of the first steps taken by childcare concerns the power of the last century, this progress has been made possible by more accurate and thorough knowledge of food chemistry. The American TM Rotch (1849-1914) introduced the X-rays in diagnostic pediatric, is the author of the journal Pediatrics, the promoter of the collection and distribution of hygienic milk and creator of the percentage of individual food components, to be set higher or lower depending on the needs of the child. The nineteenth century saw the first specialized pediatric neurology in the fundamental contributions to knowledge of nervous diseases of childhood B. Sachs (1835-1879) and J. Von Heine (1799-1879), which describes among the initial to spastic cerebral palsy, then masterfully investigated by WJ Little (1810-1894), and some cases of acute anterior poliomyelitis.
The most important contributions of measles are from: H. Koplik (1858-1927), which describes the presence in the pre-exanthematous, on the inside of the cheeks and lips, round spots that he named, and C. Weissbecker, proposing the ' passive immunization with serum of convalescents. The nineteenth century also recorded significant progress in terms of diphtheria. So named by Pierre Bretonneau (1778-1862), whose treatment learned the technique of intubation, which was introduced into practice by E. Bouchut (1818-1891) in 1856, supplemented by Armand Trousseau (1801-1867) with the technique of tracheotomy and perfected by American J. O'Dwyer (1841-1898), who the victim of his profession, died of diphtheria own contracted to assist the sick. In 1923 G. Ramon will implement the first diphtheria; however, already from the last decade of an endmost century the mortality from diphtheria before then top with more than 70% of children affected, falling to insignificant figures on the serum therapy, Behring.
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