Medical Health Information

The CEC is composed of two entities: the machine heart / lung circuit.
Heart lung machine (also called console CEC) carries the pumps, the arrival of fresh gas monitoring equipment and safety. It is a combination of precision mechanics, electronics and computing. On the console is installed circuit CEC. It includes several elements, disposable, plastic, of different natures: the pipes (or tubes) is connected to the cannula inserted into the vessels surgeon to drain venous blood and oxygenated blood return.

The pump receives the blood pressure of the venous reservoir and blows it into the patient's body through the gas exchanger. The oxygenator or gas exchanger ensures patient's pulmonary function during cardiac surgery (oxygen and release carbon dioxide). The filter uses arterial bubble trap and is responsible to remove all impurities and bubbles out of the blood oxygenator before being reintroduced into the aorta.

Work pro!
CEC is performed in 90% of cases by a technician CEC, that is to say, a nursing graduate of State (DE), under the joint responsibility of the surgeon and the anesthetist: "The perfusionist has a key role but it is a profession unknown. " Since the 80s, the CEC has been conventionally used in the majority of interventions through the miniaturization of equipment, which reduces the boot volume) circuit CEC equivalent performance. Thanks to these advances, the pump-oxygenator system is adapted to the size of newborns, and trauma intervention reduced.

Congenital heart surgery: details
It is about 3800 operations per year. Mortality was 3% all interventions combined. It requires highly specialized structures with advanced skills in:

- Prenatal diagnosis and maternity
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Surgery
- Resuscitation postoperative
- Service postoperative hospital stay

Only eight hospitals in France have sufficient activity to qualify for this expertise Paris with 3 centers (1800 patients, Lyon, Marseille, Bordeaux, Nantes and Strasbourg.

You wanted to breastfeed. You do not have. You planned to breastfeed for at least a year. Before you had to stop. We told you everything would be obvious, but for you, breastfeeding was complicated. In short, things did not go as planned, and you are experiencing any difficulty. You're not alone.

First read our article Do not be breast-feed: a failure?

Here are some testimonies on the Facebook page survey.

Have you experienced the end of your breast as a failure? Why?
Yes, because I was not ready to stop. I did work for seven months, and I would have liked to continue ... It was difficult because the baby felt my stress!
Melanie

No, because from the beginning I told myself that if breastfeeding works fine otherwise the bottle. I was game from the start with two solutions in mind not to live as a failure precisely.
Stephanie

I would have loved to continue. I stopped at one month and a half because I did not have enough milk .! However, I also believe that my guy was from lactose intolerance. Today, he is four months, and he drinks lactose-free milk. I so broke my heart not to be able to continue breastfeeding, but I think I tried anyway!
Chantal

I would really, seriously. And yes it would be a big failure for me. I did not want to give these powder mixtures.
Emmanuelle

My daughter never wanted to breastfeed so I had to opt for the bottle, and I think I do not feel as responsible would be if it was not the nurses at the hospital that made me really feel guilty.
Genevieve

I spent a LOT of breastfeeding difficulties. I even consulted three lactation consultants. I think when we want, we can! I am now breastfeeding godmother, and I love helping my men tee. For cons, I struggled to my grief when I had to stop breastfeeding my son at nine months because I was pregnant with her little brother for two months, and my production had fallen sharply.
Marie-Pierre

For my oldest, I stopped after about two weeks, he drank a lot, and I had no one to guide me ... In the second, I got two months, but he did not drink and was very nearly not bawling, so bright the bottle! For my youngest, I told myself that if it works, great, if not, I'm not a good mother, and finally, I do breast fed eight months and a half ... For my boys, I was disappointed not bad, but with my daughter, I was very proud ...
Julie

My daughter had no sucking reflex so breastfeeding did not work for me, and yes I experienced a failure and grief. Even today, I saw hardly more than a year after his birth, I feel bad about not being able to breastfeed my daughter.
Claudine

I really wanted to breastfeed, both for the mother-child relationship as the beneficial side. Unfortunately, my son did not sucking. At the hospital, I felt a lot of pressure sometimes I even three nurses who were trying to make me into drinking the breast. The point that he makes hypoglycemia because it does not feed enough. It was a torture to feed every two hours. I saw nurses arrive. I wanted much, and everyone told me that nothing was supposed to prevent this. I mothered two days ago, and I was so bad. Until my husband gets tired and brings a bottle. Finally, Antoine regained strength! Except that nurses returning me asking if I wanted again. I held my end, and all is well. It's hard to resist the pressures of breastfeeding and not feel "unfit mother" and I have to constant justify myself when I leave a bottle. I'm all for breastfeeding, but I think we exaggerate with it.
Amylene

The nursing pillows

Some will tell you to take a pillow for breastfeeding; however, the nursing pillow is a tool best suited to your position and baby during breastfeeding.

Do not forget that we must compensate several inches between the knees and breasts and breastfeeding often lasts 15 to 30 minutes. Media that is too thin (or worse, not at all!) Will give you serious back pain. Regardless of the form, choose a pillow that provides good strength and does not overwrite a simple hand pressure. Finally, beyond the color of the cover, make sure it is washable.

Cushion C
Appreciated for its firmness, the pad contains a polyester fill which is not deformed with use. Form C guard in place on the hips. Two sizes are available depending on the size of mom. The amount of padding is adjustable. $ 40 to $ 55 depending on the cover chosen.

Cushion cylinder
This long cylinder filled with shells brash easy to use regardless of the breastfeeding position chosen. You can nest in a hollow baby or raise his head by simply moving the shells to the right place. Additional scales can be purchased separately. It also makes a body pillow during pregnancy. $ 60

U cushion (square) Baby Carousel.
This cushion provides a sizeable surface for the baby thanks to its large plateau in front. Ties to ensure you back it stays in place. In its washable cover, the cushion is waterproof and therefore protected from unexpected damage. Small pockets at the corners can keep on hand some basic (swabs, tissues, etc....) $ 60.

Molded cushion My breast friend
This pillow is made of molded foam, without granule or bump. It completely surrounds the waist and offers unparalleled back support. It is adjustable and closes by a loop of plastic the washable cover sewn pouch to store some useful items. A twin version is also available. $ 55 (reg.) or $ 95 (twins)

Cushion moon
This versatile long cushion that looks like a moon gives you full support. Buckwheat hulls embrace your body to support baby in the front but also your back. You can adjust the volume of shells based on their age. Its length and flexibility make it an excellent body pillow. It is perfect for breastfeeding twins also. - $ 140

Finally, most of the cushions can be used to support the child begins to sit. It will also be small (big brothers or sisters; supervision please) who want to keep baby safe. And come to think, breastfeeding or not, it is always more comfortable to have a baby when you have a support. Some nights may be long ...

Nurses who will take the certification exams should take the time to prepare. Test requirements vary by state, but the review is generally divided into two parts. The success of two exams ensures employers that candidates have met state and federal requirements for nursing, according to the National Council of State Nursing Councils (NSCBN).

Written examination
Written examinations are the generally multiple choices. They cover the patient hygiene, grooming, elimination process, dressing, nutrition, hydration, relaxation and comfort. Knowledge base included vocabulary, patient safety, infection control, procedures, data collection and emergencies. Assist nurses with procedures, skin care, cleanliness and skills restorative room are additional topics of study, according to the NSCBN.

Competency Exam
Part skills examination tests your ability to accomplish what you have learned in clinical settings. Some states, such as Oregon, provide all the necessary equipment and the candidate will perform five skills of their choice. Clinical skills, patient ambulation, food aid, aid basin, bed covers and nail care blood pressure, pulse, temperature and respiration (vital signs), range of motion, patient positioning, hand washing and to collect samples of the major areas of study nurse aide.

Pre-employment
It needed to pass a pre-employment test, some employers, such as Louisiana State University Medical Center, Nursing Assistant. Written test and skills test in addition to a math test, are. Math portion domestic apothecary, and includes questions about the metric system of measurement.

Nursing

Nurses Health Canada provides quality nursing services that are based on evidence and respect the cultural,  in the perspective of improving the health of First Nations.

Where nurses work.

Nurses working in rural, remote and isolated First Nations south of the 60th parallel. In better than 600 First Nations communities across Canada, there are 76 nursing stations and more than 195 health centers. Nurses are often the main point of contact with the community health care system. In nearly half of the health facilities, the RNs are employed by Health Canada, which is part of the federal government.

Through the Office of Nursing Services (ONS) and regional offices of the SPNI, Health Canada employs hundreds of nurses. Regional offices of the SPNI provide service, support and management, dealing, for example, the orientation of newly recruited nurses. BSI develops standards, policies, guidelines and leads national initiatives.

What the nurses

Provision of primary health care in remote communities and cultures of First Nations communities create special requirements for nurses. In  schools, health centers, nursing stations and homes nurses can:

Visit new parents and facilitate the care of the newborn;
to immunization;
encourage physical activity;
animate community education sessions;
provide primary care services in the context of current clinical planned;
respond to emergencies (e.g., trauma, emergency obstetric care and heart problems).
Primary care

Such as access to hospitals and doctors is limited, nurses in remote communities often provide care that requires advanced knowledge and skills, as well as clinical judgment. Nurses employed by Health Canada in respect of care to clients requiring treatment for common health problems, immediate and urgent, a holistic approach focuses on:

The promotion of health;
disease prevention;
Management of the disease;
clinical assessment.
Community Health Nursing

Nurses working in First Nations communities are responsible for the planning and implementation of health programs adapted to different cultures.

Health Canada requires that the nurse who is deficient in terms of formal education in community health nursing follow and successfully complete the appropriate courses in this area. Nurses employed receive financial support to attend these courses and earn credits for their bachelor's degree in nursing.

"As part of the reorganization of health care in Friuli Venezia Giulia and the objective to strengthen services in the territory, it gradually expanded the model of a community nurse, for their demonstrated ability to reduce this figure to the emergency room, and effective as a filter to the hospital. " The president says the region, Renzo Tondo, in his capacity as commissioner for Health, commenting on the positive results of 10 years of experimentation with this method of community care, initiated experimentally since 2001, in the District 5 Ass " Lower Friuli " which also operates hospitals in Palmanova and Latisana.

In the period 2009-2011 in two hospitals were in fact recorded 79,397 accesses to the emergency room with white code (no urgency), as compared to 97,282 requests for the three years 2005-2007, with a reduction of 17,885 accesses, equivalent to a minus 18.3 %. In 2011, people who went to the emergency room of two hospitals to code white, were 4,742 fewer than in 2009. While stressing that a more appropriate use of the emergency-room results from the combination of different factors and specific strategies implemented by the local health, and that is why the trend is generally down across the region, the presiding round shows how the presence of the nurse in the community, both outpatient and at home, reducing hospital use. The most vulnerable, chronically ill or simply because older, are kept under control in the long term.

Even the nurses can detect early signs of aggravation of a disease and alert the family physician. "It's a brilliant example of medicine and care initiative - said Tondo - no longer centered on the hospital, but on local services closer to the demands and needs of social-health of the population." Latisana and Palmanova they have the lowest regional rate of hospitalization, which is accompanied by the highest rate of coverage of care of the elderly (over 65 and over 75). Community nurses, therefore, as a promoter of continuity of care and the socio-health, in collaboration with professionals and players in the area. However, also as a key element in the care of patients discharged from a hospital, in close relationship with family doctors and social workers of Commons.

In short, a professional, Round concludes, can give effective responses to some objectives that the region has been given to modernize and make more uniform the health and social services: strengthening of local services, taking charge of integrated persons with chronic illnesses and disabilities, enhancement of home-care interventions, referral hospital for true emergencies and acute illnesses. The nurse is a community project with commitment and passion from the executive nursing association 5, Mara Pellizzari, and its contributors. We were progressively activated 21 "stations" of the community nurse, laid against the 23, with a coverage of 29 communes of 31 (missing Latisana and San Giorgio). In 2011, the initiative has been awarded by the Ministry of Health as one of the 10 best projects, as part of a research sponsored by the University on "The driver of development of local services."

At the emergency-room nurse who "sees and cherishes"

It's called See & Treat in means "to see and care," the new way to manage the emergency room where the nurse becomes more and more managers, which in recent months has sparked the ire of doctors. The spark was a decision reached last year of the Tuscany Region, which has formalized the See & Treat, hitherto only a trial.

Access to the emergency room - is the new forecast - the nurses, formerly responsible for assigning the "color" of triage to determine the severity of the case. It can directly send the patient to a specialist without going to the doctor or emergency room, in case of minor procedures (such as minor cuts and abrasions, minor bruising, sunburn, insect stings, rhinitis, conjunctivitis), act by itself.

"The fundamental skills of the role of a guarantor of the physician cannot be subject to overlapping or inappropriate subtract, instead forming an exclusive legal obligation and an ethical duty of the doctor and dentist," was the summary of the response of the National Federation of Associations of doctors.

Harder the hospital. According to the Anaao, the largest trade union, the study should have "clear responsibility profiles and not to conceal attempts to move towards a low-cost health care." And Cimo has launched an appeal to the Minister of Health, Ferruccio Fazio, to "immediately change the law with national expertise in the healthcare professions: a resolution to come is not enough." Even the Medical Association of Bologna raised the issue of competence.
It dampens the tone instead Federation of Nurses (Ipasvi), stating that it is a "no news" because the See & Treat formalizes what many year's nurses are in the emergency department: It is expected to indent the less severe cases have to be a law of 1992.

However, if one of the See & Treat is an open dispute between doctors and nurses; the "struggle" between the health professions does not stop there. Off the dispute between doctors and biologists in the 90s on the direction of the testing laboratories, is the last week's announcement of the medical college of Rome (the biggest in Europe) the judgment of the court in the capital with which freezes the opportunity to own biologists to prescribe diets: an exclusive competence of the physician, the order said dryly.

It is still early March attack each other therapists (doctors)-physiatrists (technical) on the new rehabilitation plan developed by the Ministry of Health. According to the doctor's aims to "unify the service, overcoming sectional interests," while for the engineers is a "specialist for the Superman."

And it is now ancient history the "nyet" to the recognition of the profession of dentistry as a dental technician and ophthalmologists to that of an optician. Reason: doctors do not want to invasions of the field.

I graduated in November, and I'm really curious to know after three years of training, which is the actual salary of a nurse.

Some say 1300 other 2200 does not find a middle ground. At first, I know it must be supported and how they make you do only morning shifts and pom. So this will be the lower salary because the night is expected to increase.

Then it is true that the departments of Cardiology, Ps, Sar; dialysis had a higher salary because of high richio and recognized as the critical area?

Sincerely hope to gain if the 1500 is more than that is fine too because I will soon make me a home loan, and it is better to have a good bag.

In fact, if you work in an intensive care benefit are recognized more, but this is not that increases from 1300 to 2200 euros as you're told.

You must also take into account: Night bonuses and / or holiday and / or readily available, additional services (where required), ability to monetize the extraordinary voice and last but not least, INDEED, incentives: that is, for equal work performed as well as length of service, the voice that varies from company to company, and that could ease a salary over another.

You ought to "bribe" a colleague, and you make a photocopy of the envelope to see all the items that compose it: only then can you get an 'idea how to get rich (of intent, because economically you ever forget it' s time).
IN ANY CASE, THE SALARY OF 'AND NURSES underestimated, ESPECIALLY FOR THOSE THAT concern THE RESPONSIBILITY '

When people ask us how much money, a nurse in the public sector, should be correct, especially in front of the media, to provide data about the original band (D 0), no grants, as night and holidays, why do not all nights and holidays.

So the salary of a nurse is about 1200 euros.
The others are fringe benefits and should not be counted.

We're on that figure for a non-shift worker, a D0 or D1. Of course if you have 20 years of service, if you do 10 nights a month, if you work all the holidays, or if you extraordinary shift incentive, if you work in an intensive care or infectious disease, if you have any special allowances, but then you go up mica from time to know, maybe 200 to 300 €, of course, the figure varies.

A student of nursing
(During the training period, in all probabilities ', will be' improperly
yet defined "student") asks us:

I'm really curious to know after three years of training, which is the actual salary of a nurse.

So I invite you to ask the support staff, technical and administrative support.
As these categories (often improperly called by us "colleagues")
are part of our fund.

After that ', do not be surprised that straighten some categories (happens in Rome, I challenge anyone to argue otherwise), such as porters, later this month they get a fee equal or even superior to that of a professional nurse, under constant risk physical, chemical, biological and potential legal risks.

Are the usual defeatist?
Are the usual polemical, against the useless?

Knowledge of general principles and rights is essential for effective and responsible work as a nurse. A person following a profession of nurse should know their obligations and rights and to know what is responsible. He or she must be aware of the consequences, which may be put, in excess of his professional competence.

The first piece of legislation normalizing the situation of nurses, nursing was the Act of February 21, 1935, within the meaning of Article 1 of the exercise consisted of nursing: nurturing patients in institutions and private homes, carrying out medical orders, work in medical facilities, institutions, prevention, care facilities, social institutions, schools, factories and private homes in the dissemination of general and personal hygiene, combating the epidemic and disease prevention.

The Act stipulated to obtain a license to practice nursing, which was associated with the fulfillment of certain conditions. By the Minister of Social Welfare of 17 March 1936, registered nurses conducted the place of residence nurse provincial government general administration. Article 3 of Regulation exchanged the documents necessary for registration: proof of citizenship, certificate of completion of nursing school, a medical certificate of health, and biography.

Amendments to the pre-war regulations introduced by the Act of 14 June 1960 a transitional mode, obtaining the right nursing. It enabled the profession to those who have already been taught in the field of nursing activities (nursing assistant). These provisions apply to the entry into force of the Act on professions of nurse and midwife from 5 July 1996.

Professionalization of nursing
In the social sciences as a "profession" refers to those jobs that require long-term preparation, usually a university degree, and sometimes vocational placement. Professions are created for a specific purpose in nursing is the maintenance of health.

The creation of nursing as a profession started a process of professionalization.
Here are the basic attributes that characterize the profession of nursing as: * the principle of a license, or obtain the professional title of nurse, * together in a professional self-government (a member of the Regional Chamber of Nurses and Midwives is a condition of obtaining a license to practice), * have a code of ethics (Code of Professional Ethics nurses and midwives), * to provide education at university level, enabling the acquisition of high competence and their improvement (after Poznan S., nursing and its essence. In: Fundamentals of nursing. T. I, ed. head, Lublin 2004). Professionalism sets a high standard of service; however, professionalization is a process in which a group of professionals must strive to deepen their knowledge.

In relation to nursing is essential to the term "care," defined by the dictionary as a caring, caring about someone, help, care, babysitting. Helping by Halina Radlinski refers to the exploitation of individuals to strengthen their forces and in difficult times (after Zarzycka D.: nursing. In: op. Cit.) Professional care is action taken by the persons entitled to care for another human being, so it is providing assistance in accordance with established standards and procedures based on the latest knowledge in a specific area. Similarly: care of unprofessional persons who had no vested to vocational training.

Care of a professional nurse performs the functions of unions. We are located in the task-oriented care activity, for their own professional development and for nursing. There are responsible for providing care, educational, health promotion, preventive, therapeutic and rehabilitation. Contributing to their development and the development of nursing, nurse additionally functions: training, management and scientific research. Features: caring, educational, training, management and scientific research are autonomous in the sense that they are carried out without the help of other professionals in the relationship: the nurse-patient and nurse-occupation.

Internal regulations and general professional
Regulations concerning the nursing profession can be divided into common and internal. Internal legislation is the Code of professional conduct nursing and midwifery (adopted on 9 December 2003). The promise is indicated for the professional duty of care for life and human health and the obligation to systematic improve their skills and knowledge exploration. In the general part of the Code speaks of a conscious and voluntary undertaking of professional activities for the kids, and some specific commands to provide care in accordance with applicable standards, participation in the development of nursing research and continuous education.

A common piece of legislation is primarily the Act on professions of nurse and midwife (of 5 July 1996). It sets out the arrangements for a nurse and midwife. From it, we learn how to achieve professionalism. Another common instrument is the act of self-government of nurses and midwives (from 19 April 1991). It shows that progress in the field of professional care is done by overseeing the implementation of the nursing profession.

Professional competence of nurse
Acquired rights and powers necessary to perform specific actions are called powers, and their scope depends on the degree of education and skills (op.cit.).
In accordance with Article. Four Acts on professions of nurse and midwife practice nurses to provide health care services by a person qualified to be confirmed by relevant documents. Notably, the provision of care, preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic, rehabilitative and health promotion. These benefits consist of specific items:

• identify the conditions and health needs, 
• identify nursing problems, nursing care 
• exercise 
• Execution of orders in the process of medical diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation (i.e., participation in these processes), 
• a certain extent self-giving benefits of preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitation, and 
• health education, understood as the active action to improve the health conscious population.

Nursing profession does the person who teaches nursing profession

• conducts scientific research in the field of nursing and 
• directs the professional nurses.

In light of that law is the autonomous nursing profession, that it may take independent action and to provide certain health services (preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitation) without a doctor's orders.

The type and extent of these benefits, clarifies the provisions of the Minister of Health. Currently, the ordinance of November 7, 2007 the list is very long. They are divided into those that can perform each nurse with the law profession, and those for which the implementation is necessary to complete the specialized courses. Below is a list of benefits that can perform each nurse.

First Preventive benefits:

• advising on self-care in the life of illness and disability,
• providing counseling for adults and children eating healthy
• Skin and mucous membranes with the use of pharmaceuticals and medical supplies,
• organization of the isolation of patients with infectious diseases in public places in the community.

Second Diagnostic benefits:

• performing diagnostic tests for the determination of ketone bodies and glucose in the blood and urine (according to Annex 1 to that regulation),
• determination of glucose by the meter,
• performance of pulse oximetry,
• perform spirometry,
• Preliminary assessment of the severity of injuries and organizing safe transport of the patient,
• conducting water balance.

Third Medicinal benefits:

• determination of the diet in the feeding of the sick assuming existing guidelines,
• selection and use of different feeding techniques of patients,
• establishment of the probe into the stomach and gastric decompression,
• performance of treatments with heat and cold,
• catheter into the bladder and removal of established catheter
• flushing of the bladder,
• treatments with rectal
• short-term administration of oxygen,
• performance of inhalation,
• putting bubbles medical
• perform cannulation of peripheral veins,
• ad-hoc modification of fixed-dose short-acting insulin treatment,
• use of immobilization for fractures and dislocations and to prepare the patient for transport,
• commissioning patient transport.

4th Rehabilitation benefits:

• conducting bedside rehabilitation to prevent complications of immobility,
• operation of motor rehabilitation (planting, erect, and self-learning to walk).

Independent performance of rescue operations is regulated by the nurse in separate legislation (Act of 8 September 2006, the State Emergency Medical Services). Temporarily, in an emergency nurse has the right to independent apply the patient some painkillers, miolityczne, antipyretic, laxative, antidiarrheal, sedative hypnotics, raising blood sugar levels and medicines used in coronary heart failure. The obligation of an independent physician if execution is predicated on the provision of the good patients, determines the proper operation of the therapeutic process and the effectiveness of treatment.

Obtaining professional licenses
The rules for obtaining competencies nurses also clarify the Act on professions of nurse and midwife (of 1996). The nurse obtained qualifications after finishing nursing school. The arrangements for implementing this requirement amounted to in later years, and today is at least six-semester, including a minimum of 4600-hour practical training (at least half the size) and theoretical (at least a third of the dimension).

School of Nursing is conducting a uniform higher education or post-Masters and universities conducting technical studies, giving a bachelor's degree in nursing, which meet the requirements of educational standards (they must be accredited by the National Council for Accreditation of Medical Education).

Standards of nursing education at colleges and universities are regulated unreliable Minister of Health, 15 April 2002, which specifies training program requirements for conducting the teaching staff, teaching facilities, the choice of the place of practice and internal quality assessment system of education.
In accordance with Article. 11 of the Act ZO professions of nurse and midwife must acquire a license to practice, broadcast by the regional council of nurses and midwives. The right to practice as a nurse may apply to a person who:

• is a citizen or a country outside the EU, 
• has a diploma from the school of nursing or recognized as equivalent in Poland, 
• took post-graduate training required (...) in accordance with EU guidelines 
• has full legal capacity, 
• her health condition allows them to practice.

Central Register of Nurses and Midwives conducted by the Chamber of Nurses and Midwives, based in Warsaw. Entry to the person concerned receives a written request (details on the data needed for registration article 11a of the Act on professions). Registered nurse is a mandatory member of the Central District Chamber of right for the place of practice.

Regulate the functioning of the registry three Ministry of Health:

• on the procedure for finding the right practice as a nurse and midwife and how to keep a register of nurses and midwives register (1992) 
• on the register of the register of nurses and midwives (2005); 
• on the Central Registry of Nurses and Midwives (2005).

The development of professional competence
The nurse is obliged to extend their competence through professional development, says the Act on professions of nurse and midwife in Article 10b. With improvement, she gained a qualification in it to perform specific actions. Specialized in training (referred to in the Law specialization), qualification courses, specialist courses, development courses to different forms of training.

Ministry of Health of 29 October 2003 sets out the field (there are 22), which can be carried out, specialization, and the list of Training and courses will be posted on the websites of the regional chambers. Opportunities to broaden their professional qualifications also offer postgraduate courses on related subjects, and doctoral studies.

The extension by the legislature within the competence of nurses tends to increase the autonomy of the professions to care for patients. This fact means more responsibility for the actions of patients. Knowledge of rights and obligations arising from instruments is an important element of the profession of nursing. It allows her to the responsible exercise of the profession, whose being to care for another human being.

Nurses Association represents over 5,000 nurses and is the independent voice of the profession. PTP's mission is to promote the interests, status and profession of nursing practice in the EU.

Injuries caused by medical sharp's needle-stick injuries and potential risk of severe infections are a major medical problem and the risk of health safety of health workers across the EU.

The risk of injury may be a significant factor in career development, as well as stress, illness and absenteeism, and the result of inadequate equipment and personnel in the equipment of insufficient human resources in the medical professions.

Inadequate stocking to make a medical act, performed quickly, but correctly, they are more exposed to the danger of error due to infection and as a result of both the patient and medical personnel, including, first of all, nurses.

Injuries caused by sharp objects most frequently involved nurses. Other health-care workers and support staff such as cleaners, they are also at risk.

Medical equipment carries the threat of outside health care. The most commonly used equipment is needles, used to heal, are also used in alternative medicine. This creates an additional danger to the public.

Background:
Agreement and HOSPEEM EPSU (European organizations, hospital staff and health care), signed June 9, 2009 imposes an obligation on member states to implement the appropriate proceedings to secure medical personnel from exposure to biological agents.

According to data from Eucomed (European Medical Technology Manufacturers Association) each year comes to stab 12-30 of 100 hospital beds... However, this means that 60-80% of incidents are not reported. If there is a contaminated needle injury, the risk of transmission of infection is as follows:

With hepatitis B and C will be infected with one to 30 employees, and with HIV - one on 300th. Moreover, it is stated:

• 1 million random stab in the EU every year,
• 236 thousand. in the USA 
• 100 thousand. in the UK
• 50 thousand. Stab cases lead to infection,
• 4.1 million patients in the EU suffer from infections related to exposure to health care.

In the years 2010-2015 is expected to increase by 200% of cases. Costs of treating infections caused by blood infection from an injury to 1 million USD, and if the infection does not occur - $ 3,000, while the cost of prevention is estimated at $ 0.28.

Needle-stick injuries can also cause psychological problems resulting from an extended diagnostic procedure, which must be done in the case of diseases with serious consequences for the nursing staff.

We call on relevant institutions in Poland to ensure the safety of health workers and the implementation of the Directive 2000/54/UE. These are activities, which consist of:

• Better information and education of health professionals in relation to the risk of exposure, methods of prevention and effective reporting of incidents,
• Safe practice staff and provide effective assistance in the event of injury,
• "Safe puncture technology," especially for risky medical procedures,
• The use of safety equipment before stabs, such as a cannula into a peripheral vein Safety.

Discussing problems and ways to ensure the safety of nurses and midwives in the workplace author started in the last issue of the magazine to define and systematize the most important concepts in medicine and health turn of the regulations in this area, primarily concerning the rights and obligations of workers and employers.

Among the legal provisions on measures to prevent adverse health effects of the work role was played by the Act on occupational health service. Its purpose is to protect health workers from opposed conditions associated with the work environment and the way it is carried out, and the exercise of preventive health cared for working.

Partner of the occupational health services (SMP) in achieving its mission of prevention, inter alia, the State Sanitary Inspection (SSI), which is the body appointed to the sanitary supervision of the hygiene conditions of the environment, jobs, schools and other educational establishments, health conditions of food and nutrition.

PIS has preventive and ongoing medical supervision, operates a obstructive and total anti-epidemic in infectious diseases and other diseases caused by environmental conditions (e.g., professional) if their presence is an epidemic, and conduct health promotion activity.

The State Labor Inspectorate (PIP) is the regulatory body, assessing the compatibility conditions of the law. You can ask them for assistance with problems or complaints (even anonymously) to break in the establishment of workers' rights (as defined in Labor Code and implementing rules).

Their assistance in solving problems of professional nurses and midwives involved in their professional self, whose task should be to all the representatives of the profession not only known but also by cooperation implemented, according to the principle: "Nothing about us without us."

Labour Code Act
Referring to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the UN in 1948, setting out the basic rights of the individual, the Constitution of 1997 includes the following records:

• Work is under the protection of the Republic; 
• The State shall exercise supervision over the conditions of work; 
• Everyone has the right to safe and healthy working conditions (...).

Law Labour Code (LC) sets out the basic rights and obligations of employers and employees. From the perspective of health workers is particularly important Kp Section VIII contains the right of employees related to parenthood and X, dedicated to health and safety.

Labor Code requires equal treatment for men and women in employment, prohibits discrimination and obliges the employer to prevent harassment.
An employer shall provide employees with safe and healthy working conditions, and the employee is obliged to comply with laws, rules, and safety and fire regulations.

The employee has the right to rest. It shall have the right at all times to at least 11 hours of continuous rest in each week - for at least 35 hours of uninterrupted rest. If the daily operational hours the employee is at least six hours, the employee is entitled to time off work lasting at least 15 minutes, reflected the working time. Employee is entitled to an annual, ongoing, paid leave.

The working time of employees in workplaces where there is cross NDS or MPD (maximum permissible concentrations and intensities) of factors detrimental to the health of pregnant workers, workers caring for the child to complete their fourth years of age, without their consent cannot exceed eight hours.

Rights of employees related to parenthood has a section VIII of the LC, and it will include the following records:

• Do not employ women for particularly arduous and harmful to their health.
• An employer who employs a pregnant or breast-feeding a child at work prohibited to be obliged to transfer the employee to another job, or release it for the time required from work, and employing a worker who is pregnant or breast-feeding a child with the other work is required to adjust working conditions to the requirements specified in the regulations that limit the time or work to eliminate risks to health and safety of workers or transfer the employee to another job or the time required for release from work;
• An employer may not terminate or terminate the contract of employment during pregnancy and maternity leave (with reservations - Art. 177);
• Employees in pregnancy may not be employed in overtime work or night work;
• Without the consent of employees are not allowed to delegate its permanent place of work outside;
• Employee of caring for a child to complete their fourth years are not allowed without his permission to employ in overtime, at night, in the system of periods of work, as well as delegated outside of work; employees are entitled to maternity leave: 20 weeks after giving birth to one child at one time, 31 - in the birth of two children, 33 weeks - three, 35 weeks-four and 37 weeks after giving birth five or more children at one time A worker who is a child shall be entitled to two half-hour breaks included in the working time.

Health and safety department discusses the X Kp. There are: the basic obligations of employers and employees in health and safety, the duties related to securing jobs, machines and technical equipment, work processes and factors posing a particular threat to life or health, preventive health care, industrial accidents and occupational diseases; training about health and safety, personal protective equipment and clothing and footwear.

Compliance with safety rules and regulations is the primary responsibility of the employee.

Superior employees are required to: organize the workplace in accordance with the provisions and principles of safety; efficiency of care for personal protective equipment (...) organize (...) work, taking into account protection of workers against occupational accidents, occupational diseases and other diseases associated with working environment, ensure safe and hygienic condition of the work premises and technical equipment (...) to enforce compliance by employees of safety rules and regulations, to ensure compliance with recommendations of the healthcare doctor on staff.

Do not allow the employee to work (...) without sufficient knowledge of safety rules and regulations.

Health Care
The following articles relate to the protection against Kp carcinogens or mutagens, biological and protection against ionizing radiation. When hiring an employee in terms of exposure to these factors, it is necessary to take restrictive measures, including drawing up a list of these factors, record of all work by the employer and employees in touch with these factors, keeping on the exposure of workers, use protection and health monitoring of workers exposed.

The employer shall assess and document the risk arising from work performed and shall take the necessary preventive measures to reduce the risk, inform workers about him and the rules of protection against threats.
The employer is required to: take measures to prevent occupational diseases and other disorders associated with work, in particular, kept a constant efficiency device reduce or eliminate the harmful factors of working environment and equipment for the measurement of these factors, carry out, at its own expense, research and measurements of unhealthy factors, capture and store the results of these tests and measurements and make them available to employees.

The Decree of the Ministry of Health on health surveillance identified to include: harmful or nuisance factors (divided into physical, industrial dust, toxic agents, biological and other), the scope of testing (pre-medical and auxiliary periodic), and their frequency; range of the most recent periodic test; organs (systems) critical.
For example, if an employee is exposed to harmful factors, such as cytotoxic drugs, the extent of initial and periodic tests (including the most recent periodic survey) includes a medical examination, with emphasis on liver and skin, and aids: complete blood count with differential, liver function tests, urinalysis the recommended frequency of testing overall - every 2-4 years. Critical organ is the liver and blood forming organs.
Initial medical examination shall be: employed workers, youth workers transferred to other jobs, and other employees transferred to posts where there are factors harmful to health or nuisance conditions (...). The employee is subject to periodic medical examinations. In the case of incapacity for work lasts longer than 30 days due to illness, the employee shall also be given a medical examination to determine his capacity to perform work at the current position.

An employer cannot afford to work without a valid medical certificate stating no counter to work on a specific workstation. The employer of workers in terms of exposure to carcinogenic substances and agents or dust causing fibrosis is obliged to provide them with periodic examinations also after cessation of work in contact with them after their work (on demand). These studies are carried out at the expense of the employer. The employer shall also bear other costs of preventive health care for employees, as necessary due to working conditions.

It shall keep reports issued based on medical examinations.
If the employee is an occupational disease (or unable to perform previous work due to accident or occupational disease), the employer shall, assuming the medical report, the date and time specified in this decision to transfer the employee to another job, it impaired the agent who caused these symptoms.

Personal protective equipment
An employer shall provide the employee free of personal protective equipment (meeting the requirements for conformity assessment), protection against dangerous and harmful factors in the work environment and to inform him on how to use those funds.

The employer provides the employee free of clothing and footwear that meet the requirements of Standards, if the employee's own clothing may be damaged or soiled and significantly due to technological requirements, health or safety. He cannot allow an employee to work without protective equipment and clothing and footwear (...).

Entrusting laundry worker, maintenance, dust removal and decontamination of personal protective equipment, clothing and footwear, which have been contaminated by chemical or biological materials, radioactive or infectious, is unacceptable.

Deals with the treatment of schizophrenia.

The treatment of schizophrenia occurs on two levels. Medication based antipsychotics that act to block the receptors and dopamine and serotonin, as well as psychosocial support.

The drugs can reduce the positive symptoms of schizophrenia (delusions, hallucination's multiple effects confused ...). This medication will be needed for several years and sometimes for life. Reducing positive symptoms, the doctor, often a psychiatrist might consider a kind of family psychotherapy if the person lives in his family.

Monitoring type psychotherapeutic long-term is important for the schizophrenic, allowing it to accept the illness, stress management and social life.

An important aspect of treatment is social rehabilitation, which with the support of CATTP (activities in a day hospital), for some life in an apartment or associative therapy, allow the patient to be smoothly reintegrated into a life as normal possible.

The social-skill training is sometimes offered to schizophrenics, allowing him to live his relationship to others the least difficulty possible.

A brief summary but one that I believe will bring light to those who pass quickly.

Definition

Epidemiology is the study of the relationship between diseases or other biological phenomenon and various factors (time division and space; link between factors).

Epidemiology is the study of the frequency and distribution in time and space of human health problems, taking into account the role of influencing factors.

The three types of epidemiology with the issues studied.

• Descriptive epidemiology: It gives the answer to the questions: When, where, with whom there is a health problem?
• Analytical epidemiology and an etiological epidemiology: tests of a hypothesis about the causal role of certain factors (preferably those that can change).
• Evaluative Epidemiology: It seeks to measure the effectiveness of health interventions.

The functions of epidemiology

The epidemiology produces useful knowledge to five types of concerns are what one might call the functions of epidemiology:

• Systematic health surveillance.
• The measure of the importance of health problems.
• The identification of high-risk groups and risk factors.
• Etiological research.
• The health assessment.

The factors that influence health

• Health factors:

State medical and nutritional knowledge.

• Geographical factors:

Natural Resources.
Climate.
Communications.

• Demographic factors:

Population distribution by age.
Government policy to family planning.
Urban concentration and rural spread.
Migration.

• Psycho-cultural factors:

Schooling.
Mentality of the people to health problems.
Customs, beliefs, traditions.

• Socio-economic factors:

Habitat.
Urbanization and rural development.
Lifestyles.
Employment situation.

• Political factors:

Economic and social planning.
Health Legislation (sectoral coordination of actions).
International aid.

Indicators are measurement tools developed to assess and compare certain phenomena in space and time. They allow to know the state of health.

They meet certain characteristics:

• It must be accurate: correspond to reality and correct data.
• It should be easy to obtain.
• It must be simple to calculate.
• It must be faithful.
• It should be easy to understand.

The health indicators

• Demography: population distribution by age, sex, locality
• The life expectancy: average number of years a person can live.
• The birth rate: number of births per annum over a given population.
• The birth rate: ratio of the number of births during the year to the average total population of the year.
• Fertility: number of births per annum in relation to the number of women of child procreated.
• The fertility rate: ratio of live births in the year to the average female population of the year.
• Mortality: number of deaths per annum over a given population.
• The mortality rate: the average number of years the ratio of the total population in the year of death.
• Morbidity: frequency of illness, injury and disability in a population.
• The fatality rate: number of persons who, having become ill, die from the disease per 1000 people, for a given year.
• Incidence: number of new cases occurring in a given population during a given period.
• Prevalence: total number of cases of a disease existing at a given time.

Health factors

• State medical and nutritional knowledge.

Geographical factors

• Natural Resources.
• Climate.
• Communications.

Demographic factors

• Population distribution by age.
• Government policy to family planning.
• Urban concentration and rural spread.
• Migration.

Psycho-cultural

• Schooling.
• Mentality of the people to health problems.
• Customs, beliefs, traditions.

Socio-economic factors

• Habitat.
• Urbanization and rural development.
• Lifestyles.
• Employment situation.

Political factors

• Economic and social planning.
• Health Legislation (sectoral coordination of actions).
• International aid.

Introduction

The health education is a public health response to the information and training of the population about the risks about their health-related behaviors.

Aims of education:

• Change behavior.
• Strengthen the autonomy of decision and responsibility of people.
• Promote health.

Definition of the educational process

The educational process is a dynamic process seeking the support and participation of the target audience.

Before any approach must:

• Search with the following people: their knowledge, skills, habits of life.
• Set goals:

1. Change an attitude or practice harmful to health.
2. Reinforce positive behaviors.

• Avoid value judgments about people's behavior.
• Avoid what is related to a moralistic approach.

The education of a group

Education is an educational practice that assumes that the person or group can take part responsible.

It differs from education is a deliberate process to create the cognitive and behavioral changes in people.

The educational process can begin only when the person or group has a need to know something and know-how something.

Learning

Learning is intended to act on the knowledge (cognitive domain), attitudes (affective domain) and gestures (psychomotor domain).

Learning can be influenced by:

• Variable elements, which are a function of:

1. The requirement of the situation.
2. The capacity of individuals or groups.
3. The capacity of educators.

• Individuals and groups supported: certain elements involved (fatigue, stress, integrity of the organs ...).
• Emotional and intellectual level: learning ability, verbalization, education level, posture, attitude, stage of understanding, active acceptance.
• Socio-cultural elements: presentation of the group, representation of pathology, language proficiency in terms of vocabulary, religious practices related to diseaseing, presence and support of family, conception of the role of caregiver.

Stages of the educational process

Identification of needs

The nurse must assess all the variables before setting up the learning process: educational diagnosis.

Teaching objectives

• Know.
• Expertise.
• Skills.

These objectives must be observable and measurable.

Content of teaching

This content should be developed from what people already know and master. Please choose the most appropriate teaching methods for people and situations by field:

• Cognitive presentations, discussions, provide written, invite people to courses, programs.
• Affective presentations, testimonies, role plays, films and visualizations of emissions, and stimulation discussions, forums, the internet.
• Psychomotor activities, workshops.

Educational planning

• Fix the time, duration and location, the actors.
• Promote the alternation of these methods.

Evaluation of teaching

• Knowledge: questionnaires.
• Attitudes: recognizing the warning signs.
• Skills: body language and motor skills.
• Assessment tools: grids, concrete cases.

Prerequisites to the educational process

The educational approach is an approach based on a contractual agreement. This contract is essential and is the only guarantee of project success, the involvement of the motivation of the group. The educational process requires a comprehensive approach, that is to say, takes the whole person but not to focus only on the pathology.

There the committee of health education, the regional committees of health education who is responsible for:

• Develop and monitor action plans.
• Implement prevention campaigns.
• To inform the public and professionals.
• To provide methodological support.
• Make available documentation professionals.
• Train professionals in health education.

HOW DO I PREPARE FOR THE PROFESSIONAL EXAMINATION?
To prepare for the exam, it is suggested to consult the Guide to Preparing for the professional examination of the College of Nurses of Quebec (available in the Documentation Centre of the OIIQ and student co-ops facilities education offering nursing education) that offer effective means of preparation.

It is also helpful to learn about the laws and regulations governing the nursing profession.

In addition, you can contact the institution where you completed your training or contact the Director of Nursing of your employer to see if preparation workshops for the professional examination are available.

Finally, it is important to use effective methods of stress management that helped you during your training.

HOW LONG BEFORE THE EXAM SHOULD I ARRIVE?
The time shown on your ticket corresponds to the time when registration begins and the identification of candidates. The examination begins within an hour later. We suggest you arrive at 15 to 30 minutes before the time indicated on your notice, not more. However, it is very important to be present at the time of commencement of registration as delay may result in failing the examination.

WHAT HAPPENS AT REGISTRATION?
In fact, it is more than just registration; we must make a complete identification to ensure your identity.

You must contact one of the registration tables and present your meeting or failing that, another piece of photo identification; for identification purposes, we compare with the photo sent with your Form Registration for the examination. Then you must put your signature on the attendance list at the specified location and, finally, we compare your signature on the bottom of your picture to that of the attendance list.

To facilitate your identification, do not change very materially from the physical point of taking your picture and the day before the exam. In addition, sign your photo as you normally do because we will compare your signature with the attendance list.

We strongly suggest that you go to the bathroom before your registration / identification as soon as you are inside the examination room or in the auditorium, you will be accompanied to go to the bathroom, unless there are restrooms next to the room.

IN WHICH TABLE DO I GET FOR MY REGISTRATION?
If more than one table, you must check the posters above tables because each is inscribed on a sequence of letters corresponding to names in the list.
e.g. Tremblay at the table "Tou to Tz"
or
Tremblay to table "A to Z"
The letter sequences are based upon the number of registration tables and the number of candidates and change a test site to another.

WHAT SITE EXAMINATION WILL I BE CALLED?
The review takes place in September in the following regions: Greater Montreal, Quebec, Sherbrooke, Saguenay, Trois-Rivières and Rimouski, while that of March took place in Montreal and Quebec only.

The convocation to the examination is entirely at the Discretion Of The Order. We have to deal with the number of courses available in hospitals that welcome you.
Generally, we call in the area closest to your place of training or educational institution where you received your training.

If an area is too crowded or that hospitals are not able to accommodate all applicants, we will redirect you to other centers depending on where you live (or mail) indicated in your file to the Order.

If you want to do the exam in another region, please submit your request in writing. While we try to agree favorably to your request, we cannot commit to it.

WHEN WILL I RECEIVE THE DOCUMENTATION TO PROCEED WITH MY REGISTRATION?
Approximately, 8 weeks prior to the professional examination, the College sends the registration form under consideration. You must also provide a picture format "passport with white stripe across the bottom of the picture."

On the front of the photograph: you must sign on the white band;
On the back at the photo: you must write, "I certify that this is my photography" and sign below.

Postal services are generally reliable, but it may happen that the mail is lost.

WHEN WILL I RECEIVE MY INVITATION TO THE EXAMINATION (CONFIRMATION OF THE PLACE AND TIME OF EXAMINATION)?
About 10 to 15, days prior to the professional examination.

HOW TO DRESS?
Practical: In uniform as if you were working. This will help you in the shoes of a nurse.

Written: Although the rooms are at 22 degrees Celsius, you may be hotter than usual or feel very cold. It's all about stress. So dress accordingly and we suggest you bring a good sweater.

CAN I USE A CALCULATOR DURING THE EXAMINATION?
The use of calculators is permitted, as follows:
Practical: If you have to do calculations in a situation of feasible component, a calculator will be available in the station. This will be supplied by the Order. No personal calculator will be allowed.

Written: The calculator is provided by the College at the beginning of the review of the written component. This calculator is brought to you courtesy of the Order. No personal calculator will be allowed.

SIDE FOOD?
Practical: Do not get sober. Feel free to bring a cold lunch: food's high efficiency that can be eaten quickly and easily transported (cheese, muffin, banana, juice, bottled water, granola bar, chocolate).

Written: While on most sites, it is possible to obtain food, as indicated on your notice, and you get a 45-minute break between the two parts of the written examination, including travel (toilets, relaxation, etc.....), there is not much time to swallow something. We suggest you bring you, as for the practical part.

I CAN NOT GET TO THE EXAM (ACCIDENT ON MY WAY TO THE EXAM, ROAD CLOSURES OR OTHER). WHAT SHOULD I DO?

From the outset, it is important to note that it is impossible to join the leaders on review sites.

We recommend that you document the incident that caused your absence under consideration (e.g., accident report, etc....) And communicate the day after the review with the Office of the Registrar (on Monday for the examination in March and Tuesday for the examination in September). We will explain the procedure to apply for an excuse for your absence for the exam. You can also see the document "Information on the professional examination" that you received with your invitation to the professional examination.

DOES THE COLLEGE MAY CANCEL THE HOLDING OF THE EXAMINATION?
The holding of the professional examination cannot be canceled unless an exception or beyond our control: for example, if a disaster or a major breakdown occurs in a review site (flood, a broken heating, fire or the like.).

The holding of the professional examination cannot be canceled because of bad weather or road conditions (road or a bridge suddenly closed), and this out of respect to the candidates who are displaced and who incurred travel expenses and Hosting.

Mental evaluation of nursing care is necessary to know the patient's emotional feelings. It also measures the patient's cognitive functioning. The nurse will ask questions and take the examination to find the patient's mental health. The nurse assesses the patient by assessing mood, thinking, behavior, reasoning, memory and the capability of the patient so that she/he will know to what extent the patient can articulate herself. Sometimes the mental evaluation also requires laboratory tests such as urine tests or blood tests. Mental evaluation of nursing care must be performed by a nurse, psychiatrist, social worker, physician or psychologist.

Mental evaluation of nursing care is done by checking the related mental-health problems such as depression, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, anorexia nervosa, schizophrenia and depression. To perform the evaluation of nursing care, nurses must have experience on the field of pharmacology and mental illness. For mental evaluation, the nurses will try to understand how patients may respond or resolve difficulties. The nurse should question the patient who may consist of a physical examination and tests, oral or written. During the interview of the patient, the nurse must pay attention to details on how the patient behaves to ask questions.

Mood changes as the patient will be measured and recorded by the nurse in the assessment of nursing. Mental evaluation of nursing care can be a physical examination, and the doctor will go through the patient's medical history and prescription drugs taken by the patient. The nurse will test the balance, reflexes and senses such as touch, smell, sight, taste and hearing the patient to see if there are all sorts of anomalies in the behavior and mental health of the patient. Mental evaluation tests also include laboratory tests of urine or blood as well. CT, EEG and MRI are performed in cases of suspected problems in the nervous system. Toxicological screening levels, thyroid function tests and electrolyte are made to determine other issues.

Mental evaluation of nursing also included written or oral examination in which the patient must answer questions loudly or by writing answers on paper. The response in the patient is evaluated and scored by the nurse. Most questionnaires consist of 20-30 questions that are in the format or Off. Mainly questions deal with specific problems such as cognitive function to the individual. Evaluation of the patient's day of eating, drinking, shopping, banking, or dressing, to determine what kind of daily activities may cause. Cases of more extensive tests are performed at a tremendous it also dealings the aptitude to act in crisis situations. The types of depressions are also evaluated to determine the extent of disease so that specific treatment can be provided.

During forensic nursing are in high demand these days. Lots of students enroll themselves in a range of universities, to get a degree or credential in Forensic nursing Forensic nursing is an promising filed with bright prospects. The work itself is quite difficult. If you have time and mean, then you can get enrolled in any university offering forensic nursing well. However, if you have neither the time nor the means, then there is another option for you - online degrees. Now you can sit in your home, your degree to get a forensic nursing.

If you find it difficult to travel to your school, or you can attend regular classes or University of your choice, if unable to log in, then you cannot have justice in nursing and a time line for delete. Many of these sites offer online degrees works closely with some of the best universities in the United States. You get a diploma recognized by this university, in particular, large without having to travel anywhere.

Degrees online nursing forensic offer you courses at associate, bachelor and master's degrees. They are usually twelve months during which you will learn everything you need to know about forensic nursing. However, you just get the content online. It is largely a self-study of what you do after that you can choose what educational site you prefer. Since these sites are generally held by universities or to work with them, you can base your choice on the reputation at the university. If possible, you can look through the various degrees offered, quality of content, free structure by visiting their websites and then make your choice. After doing this, choose your area of ​​expertise. There are different types of works and departments within forensic nursing. Assess your skills and interests and attend this course that suits you best. Information on different areas of specialization is also available online.

Assault course, as a SANE nurse examiner or sexual and examiner in the emergency room is the popular. Most nursing forensic is required in cases of sexual assault and rape. A forensic nurse is taught to provide medical assistance, collect and preserve evidence and treat victims of mental trauma. They combine their nursing expertise with forensic science to help get their hands on the criminal an examiner in the emergency room looking for suggestions of possible violence or criminal act in the case of ordinary appearance. These areas do not require you to do survey's crime scene or autopsy of the dead. Others like the forensic examination of death, evidence collection and police teams to work more rigorous. If you have a strong heart, a good amount of your time to devote to your business and are ready to take on challenges, then one of these courses.

Online degrees are a great option for people who live in remote areas or who want additional schooling or jobs, and their courses in forensic nursing. These on-line degrees guarantee you good jobs. You might even get scholarships or refunds for your future partners.

Job description medical claims examiner

A medical examiner claims (sometimes called a claims examiner of health insurance or a claims examiner) processes requests for payment related to medical treatment and determines to pay compensation or not. Many claims examiners work for insurance companies, but some claims examiners work for government, particularly in the state agencies responsible for workers' compensation and federal agencies, such as insurance Medicare.

Examination of the representation
A medical examiner claims assess each application for completeness and accuracy. If essential, the examiner might go again the request for Interview, information medical specialists, or right to see report data to verify the policy files. The examiner also determines whether costs are sensible specified the diagnosis, based on information available about treatments expected average remaining hospital for an assortment of ailments and, where appropriate, the average duration of disability. The examiner then authorize payment, deny the assert or the claim refers to an investigator for further review.

Other functions and powers
A medical examiner claims must maintain present files with all the proper forms, reports, maintain records and statements and organize reports and correspondence related to work. Other duties may include responding to inquiries and complaints related to claims of providers, attorneys, employers and agents and dealing ahead, rehabilitation and mediation hearings payment.

Examiner requests must be neat, accurate and complete, must be familiar with the terminology and processes medical insurance and to have integrity and good judgment.

Education
According to the Handbook of career opportunities, become a medical examiner claims has no requirement of formal education, however, the majority employers choose to take into service college graduates or people who have jobs related to insurance to experience or training. For example, the Michigan Civil Service Commission requires a bachelor's degree with a major in business administration, insurance or a field related to health (such as nursing, physician assistant or pharmacist).

Advancement
An entry level examiner may provide only the basic functions of review. As reviewers gain experience, they can take on additional responsibilities, including roles as a supervisor or manager. The International Association of the claim offers an educational program to help claims examiners advanced in their field.

Salary
According Indeed, the average annual salary for a medical claims examiner is $ 41 000.