STD in men - the topic is quite intimate and prosaic, every stronger sex at least once in his life has encountered some kind of STI. The list of infections is quite impressive, from the banal chlamydia to HIV.

For sexually transmitted diseases there are a number of diseases, sexually transmitted diseases.

Fortunately, most MST responds well to specific treatment, but there are diseases that remain in the body forever (genital herpes) or that lead to death (HIV infection). Eliminating HPV (human papilloma virus) is only possible in men under the age of 25.

The treatment of any STD will only be successful if it starts on time and is completed. How do we see the main signs of sexually transmitted diseases?

Index

Life after incubation
Sexual infections in men occur with the following common signs:

Frequent and painful urge to urinate.
Rashes and redness in the intimate area.
Increase in inguinal lymph nodes and discharge from the penis.
Pain in relationships.

Such signs of sexually transmitted diseases should be a reason to visit a venereologist, no matter how shameful this does not seem to be for a man. Every day of delay gives STI a new impulse to the wide development and the manifestation of complications, which therefore can not be eliminated.

Sexually transmitted diseases in men - infections transmitted by any form of sexual contact (vaginal, anal, oral, with a vibrator). Most sexually transmitted diseases are treatable, but diseases such as HPV, HIV, hepatitis C, B and G-8 are currently incurable. Abstinence, the most effective way to prevent STIs.

When the alarm is declared
There are a number of basic signs that a man can suspect of an MST. Hence the infection occurs when the incubation period is over:

Burning, itching in the genital area.
Pimples, sores, redness of the penis or anus.
Urination is difficult because of the pain.
Painful and enlarged lymph nodes in the groin.
Serious discomfort or inability to have sex due to pain.
All these signs appear only when the latency period (incubation) is over. The incubation time of the disease each his own, at the first signs of Chlamydia infection can occur several weeks after infection, many sexually transmitted diseases "long sleep" in the body of men, which manifests itself in favorable conditions, or existing in the form chronic.

The most common

Chlamydia is the most common venous infection in the world.

More often, venereal physicians must record the presence of the following sexually transmitted diseases in men:

Chlamydia. The incubation period - 1-4 weeks, manifests with pain in the scrotum, perineum or given in the lower back, discharge, pain during urination.
Trichomoniasis. The incubation period of 4-21 days, sometimes trichomoniasis much later symptoms: mucus-purulent discharge from the urethra. But most often the infection has a latent flow.
Ureaplasmosis. The incubation period is from 3 days to a month. Symptoms: poor and transparent discharge, discomfort in the intimate area, itching, pain.
Gonorrhea. The characteristic symptoms appear on days 3-7: greenish-yellowish discharge, pain and burning.

Syphilis. The incubation period is 3-6 weeks, the first signs appear as sore, with a round shape (hard chancre). The treatment started in this period gives positive results. Otherwise, the serious course and death, not in vain syphilis, is called "slow death".
Mycoplasmosis. The transmission path is sexual, vertical. It affects all the genitourinary organs, there are no visible symptoms, but the immune system suffers a lot. Often the infection manifests itself in the form of prostatitis, cystitis, urethritis, and affects the kidneys. Treatment is performed simultaneously in both sexual partners to prevent secondary infection.
Hidden infections in men - these are sexually transmitted diseases that occur almost asymptomatically, identifying them only when serious complications have begun in men. To identify them they will have to conduct a series of specific tests for the infection and only then will they give an objective picture of the pathologies in men.

Hidden infections (long-lasting MSTs are latent) are transmitted sexually, by family or vertically - from mother to child. Primary symptoms manifest themselves with slight discomfort in the genital area, and should encourage a man to turn to a venereologist (to give a stain). The diagnosis of hidden MST is rather difficult, so you will have to pass special tests.

Turning off 'fat-specific protein 27' improves blood sugar levels, reduces body fat in animal model

In a study published in the Journal of Lipid Research, Saint Louis University scientist, Angel Baldan, Ph.D., reports that a protein is found in liver and adipose tissue Model.

Baldwin, who is an associate professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at SLU, and members of his laboratory, conduct research on lipid metabolism on cholesterol and triglycerides. In this particular study, the lipids are metabolized in both the liver and fat tissue in mice treated with antisense oligonucleotides that reduce the expression of the protein FSP27.

High triglyceride counts in the liver, a conditionally known as a "fatty liver," contribute to metabolic syndrome, the risk of heart disease, diabetes and other health conditions. Fatty liver disease is the most frequent cause of chronic liver disease, Affecting 30 percent of Americans (a percentage did is predicted to rise in the next few Decades), and is oft driven by bad dietary choices.

"Obesity and fatal liver disease are intimately connected and pose a severe public health burden," Baldan said. "The toolbox to manage patients with a fatty liver is scarce, beyond lifestyle modifications, appetite suppressant drugs and major surgical procedures."

In search of better options, Baldwin looked at one of the proteins that regulate the metabolic fate of lipid droplets.

"When I think of fatty liver disease, I think of fatty hepatocytes - liver cells," Baldan said. "Each cell has many lipid droplets, and those droplets contain triglycerides." The lipid droplets are not skinny-dipping in the cells, though . "

FSP27 is a lipid droplet-associated protein that prevents lipid mobilization and promotes lipid storage within the cell.

"The number of FSP27, however, is a high-fat diet, and it correlates with the accumulation of Triglycerides in the liver. "In fact, this protein is necessary to accumulate triglycerides in the liver."

While it seems to be a straightforward to a high-fat diet, This is the first time I've read the book, but I'm not sure if it's true.

Having demonstrated that FSP27 is necessary for triglyceride accumulation, baldan hypothesized that obese mice would benefit from silencing this protein.

Baldwin and his team studied two groups of mice with obesity, high blood sugar and fatty liver disease: one that consumed a high-fat diet (the dietary model) and another that was genetically modified to have this trait (the genetic model). Both groups of mice were treated with or without antisense oligonucleotides to silence Fsp27.

The team found that silencing FSP27 in a robust decrease in visceral fat, increased insulin sensitivity in both adipose tissue and liver, and improved whole body glycemic control in both models. However, in spite of the fact that the patient is not able to survive, Baldwin and his team are currently exploring ways to potentiate the anti-FSP27 treatment.

The FSP27 can be beneficial in treating those who are overweight or insulin-resistant, and the therapeutic silencing of FSP27 in the mice is a high-fat diet that reduces body fat without worsening Fatty liver disease.

"This study suggests that turning FSP27 has been as effective as insulin-resistant obese or overweight patients," Baldan said.

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Tratto da http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http://www.my-personaltrainer.it/salute/malattie-veneree-cura.html&usg=ALkJrhh4vKVKLVZW1JFSJx1RNd3TaZugUwVenereal diseases: treatment and prevention

Risk factors

The chances of contracting a venereal disease depends on many factors. The main risk factors are represented by specific sexual habits, such as failure to use protective barrier methods (the condom ), the unprotected sex with people at risk, the high number of partners, casual sex, sex tourism and relationships with a partner who has had many more (even when it appears perfectly healthy). Not surprisingly, therefore, that venereal diseases are more common among the population groups most exposed to risky sexual behavior. And 'the case, for example, adolescents, young adults, homosexual males, some ethnic minorities and those who are addicted to prostitution.

Some individuals show an innate biological predisposition to venereal diseases; It is the case, for example, of women than men, of patients with immune deficiencies (such as HIV) or those with immature genital tissues and more receptive as teenagers. As said, even a weakened body by the use of antibiotics , steroids or other sexually transmitted infections, is more exposed to venereal diseases. Even pregnancy and a ' intimate hygiene insufficient or excessive increase susceptibility to this kind of diseases. The best known example is given by a candidate who - normally present in various body's mucous membranes (mouth, vagina , digestive tract ) - may develop abnormally and cause symptomatic infections when defenses immune misfiring. Frequent and unprotected sex can increase the risk of vaginosis even for the raising of vaginal pH caused by the alkalinity of semen (see alteration of vaginal flora ). Finally there are behavioral factors, such as drug addiction and the ' alcoholism , which multiply the high-risk infections and reduce the ability to protect themselves.

STDs: You know the rules for good prevention? Take the test

The overlay of several venereal diseases - for the predisposing effect of the same - has long been known; for women with Chlamydia is estimated, for example, a 5 times greater risk of contracting HIV.

If we consider a venereal disease of viral origin ( herpes , AIDS , etc.), the virus remains in the genital secretions and can be transmitted to the partners in the event of total asymptomatic; hence the importance of condoms as the only effective means of prevention. This oversight should be used independently of the adoption of any other measure birth , more so in the case you signings sexual intercourse with an unknown person.

If you receive a diagnosis of any sexually transmitted disease it is crucial immediately inform your or your partner, you will soon see your doctor for a check, even in the absence of symptoms.

General policies for the prevention of venereal diseases

Consistently use condoms during any vaginal intercourse, oral or anal sex with a non-regular partner, regardless of whether or not other forms of contraception (pill, IUD or diaphragm ).
Limit the number of sexual partners.

Promptly go to the doctor as soon as they appear symptoms suggestive of an STD or even there is the slightest suspicion of infection after higher-risk sex. At the same time, inform partners of their genital infection and direct it to a medical consultation.

During any treatment it is essential to avoid unprotected sex, even in the absence of symptoms.
Run a screening annually for venereal diseases, especially in case of new sexual partner.

Care and treatment

A quick cure antibiotic allows to eliminate most of the venereal disease caused by bacteria and parasites . The important thing, in these cases, is to stick to the recommendations of the doctor regarding the dosage, mode and duration of intake.

Much more complicated is the treatment of STDs of viral origin, for which there is no real cure but a number of treatments able to limit the symptoms. The progression of AIDS, for example, is now considerably slowed down by specific drugs, the effectiveness of which is greater the more early are assumed. Recurrent episodes of genital herpes can be controlled by means of suppressive therapy, while for the ' hepatitis B and papilloma viruses are no specific vaccines.

Regardless of the type of venereal disease suffered, diagnosis and early treatment increases the chance of cure. Early intervention is very important because it reduces the infectivity of the patient and limits the infection. The appearance of a suspicious symptoms or the slightest doubt about a possible infection, it is therefore essential to discontinue sexual activity, consult a doctor and inform partners. Hope that the symptoms disappear or that the venereal infection heals spontaneously is a risky and irresponsible behavior, which can lead to delays in care and increasing complications and sequelae for both the individual itself and for its partners. Equally unwise and deplorable is the self-treatment drug.


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Genital herpes herpes genitale

What?

The genital herpes virus or herpes virus type II, is a sexually transmitted infection very similar to that caused by 'type I herpes labial.

It is called "fever", that is, those pesky bubbles that appear on the lips but also in other areas of the skin usually during an influence, a period of stress, intense sun exposure.

They are due to virus replication within our cells.

symptoms

The first time is contracted genital herpes, the symptoms are generally quite important: the presence of white bubbles, their number varies from two to twenty and more, it is accompanied by a sense of itching and tension annoyingly painful.

However, any attempt to bring scratching relief is inhibited from the extreme pain that causes the brush against. These symptoms are also often joins fever and swelling of the inguinal glands and generalized redness of the affected part.

The herpes virus once contract tends to remain inside the human body to start to replicate in immune deficiency moments, but subsequent episodes are much less dramatic because the immune system keeps the virus memory and stops their replication in a much shorter time.

How is genital herpes?

If you are faced with a first episode do visit, they precriveranno an antiviral oral, very expensive but totally borne by the National Health Service, which can shorten both the duration and intensity of symptoms.

The tablets based antihistamine may help reduce itching.

As for subsequent episodes antiviral cream, although very expensive and not charged to the National Health Service could, if used at the first symptoms, reduce the duration of episodes.

Unfortunately there is no definitive therapy despite you talk for many years of the imminence of a vaccine. It 'necessary to abstain from sexual intercourse since the early symptoms and actually think that those who are suffering from genital herpes can also transmit the latency periods .

Proper behavior on the part of people with genital herpes would be to communicate the imminent partner status can be contagious.




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for bigger breasts and firmer

At the same time, slow down skin cell aging, immediately back toned, elastic and resistant. So the breast, as well as becoming bigger, looks more firm, full and harmonious.

How does it work

 In a few weeks, it increases the volume of the breast (even two sizes), improves the shape and texture, and helps to rejuvenate the skin and to eliminate all imperfections on it (like spots and stretch marks).
Basically, you can get a bigger breasts and harmonious, in a few perfect words. The fact that this is possible without resorting to surgery can create some skepticism but this product has been tested in depth (with experiments on human beings), and research has proven beyond any doubt its effectiveness.


We analyze in detail the ingredients.

• Fennel seeds
  Fennel seeds help to increase the volume of the breast, stimulating the production of estrogen by the body. The estrogens cause the increase in volume of the mammary glands.
• Aniseed
  The aniseed help the blood to circulate better under the skin. For this reason, they favor the oxygenation of tissues and the arrival of nutrients to the cells (all slowing down the aging process).
• hay greek
  The greek hay contains large amounts of phytoestrogens, which perform the same action of estrogen produced naturally by the body of a woman and help to increase breast volume.
• Pueraria mirifica
  Pueraria mirifica is extremely rich in estradiol, a very powerful phytoestrogen, which helps to firm the breasts and make it rounder and voluminous.
• Wheat germ oil
  The wheat germ oil contains nutrients that regenerate the skin and keep it moisturized. Moreover, it is rich in antioxidants and, therefore, counteracts the action of free radicals (which cause damage to the skin and accelerate the aging).
• Jojoba oil
  Jojoba oil is an excellent moisturizer for the skin. By adjusting the water balance, it improves skin texture and helps to eliminate stretch marks.
• Vitamin E
  Vitamin E is one of the most important ingredients to keep your skin young and healthy. In addition to fighting against free radicals, it protects the superficial layers of the skin from ultraviolet rays.
• vitamin K
  Vitamin K is a substance that is essential to prevent the formation of extended and visible scars. For this reason, it is particularly suitable to counteract the stretch marks. 

Zika virus disease 

key facts

• The Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes.
• Affected individuals may have a mild fever, rash (rash), conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise or headache. These symptoms usually disappear within 2 to 7 days.
• A scientific consensus has to say that Zika virus is causing cases of microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Links with other neurological complications are being investigated. 

Introduction

Zika virus is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes and was first identified in Uganda in 1947 in monkeys, through a monitoring network of jungle yellow fever. It was then identified in humans in 1952 in Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania. Zika virus disease outbreaks have been recorded in Africa, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific.
From the 1960s to 1980, human infections have been observed in Africa and Asia, accompanied usually mild symptoms. The first major outbreak of Zika virus disease was notified on the island of Yap (FSM) in 2007. In July 2015, Brazil reported a link between Zika virus infection and Guillain syndrome Closed off. In October 2015, he also noted the link with microcephaly.

Signs and symptoms

We do not know very well the incubation period (the time from exposure to onset of symptoms), but is probably a few days. The symptoms resemble those of other arboviruses such as dengue and include fever, rash, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise and headache. They are generally mild and disappear within 2-7 days.

Complications of Zika virus disease

After a comprehensive review of available data, a scientific consensus has to say that Zika virus is the cause of microcephaly and cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Intense efforts are continuing to study, within a framework of rigorous research, the link between this virus and a number of neurological disorders.

Transmission

Zika virus is transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito, primarily Aedes aegypti, in the tropics. These mosquitoes bite during the day in general, with a peak of activity in the early morning and in late afternoon and early evening.
These mosquitoes also transmit dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever. Zika virus transmission through sex is also possible. We are currently investigating other routes of transmission, blood transfusions, for example.

Diagnostic

One suspects the Zika virus infection based on the symptoms and recent travel history (eg the fact of living in an area where we know that the virus is present or for going there). Diagnosis can be confirmed by laboratory analysis of blood or other body fluids, such as urine, saliva or semen.

Treatment

The Zika virus disease is usually relatively mild and requires no specific treatment. Affected individuals need much rest, drink enough and take common drugs against pain and fever. If symptoms worsen, they should visit a doctor. There is currently no vaccine.

Prevention

Mosquito bites

Protection against mosquito bites is an essential measure for the prevention of Zika virus infection.
To achieve this, we can apply repellents, wear clothing (preferably light colored) covering as much as possible the body, install physical barriers such as insect screens, close doors and windows, sleeping under mosquito nets, and using repellents containing DEET, IR3535 or the icaridin following the instructions on the product label.
Particular attention should be paid to those who may not be able to protect themselves effectively, such as young children, the sick or the elderly. Travelers and people living in affected areas should take basic precautions described above to protect themselves from mosquitoes
It is also important to empty or clean all potential breeding (nesting) mosquitoes as buckets, cans, flower pots, gutters or old tires. Communities need to support the efforts of local authorities to reduce mosquito density in their locality. Health authorities can also advise to make insecticide sprays.

sexual transmission

Zika virus can be transmitted through sexual intercourse. It is a worrying fact because of the association between Zika virus infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes or adverse fetal outcomes.
In active transmission areas of Zika virus, everyone infected with HIV and their sexual partners (especially pregnant women) should be informed of the risks of sexual transmission.
WHO recommends properly advise men and sexually active women and give them access to a full range of contraceptive methods so that they can make an informed choice about whether to conceive a child and when to do it, to avoid any adverse pregnancy outcome or adverse fetal outcomes.
Women who have had unprotected sex and do not want to get pregnant for fear of Zika virus infection must have easy access to emergency contraception and counseling services associated. Pregnant women should practice safer sex (including through the correct use and consistent condom) or abstain from any report for at least the duration of their pregnancy.
In areas without active transmission Zika, WHO recommends that men and women who traveled in areas of active transmission of having safe sex or abstain from any report for 6 months to avoid spread infection through sexual intercourse. Sexual partners of pregnant women who live or have traveled to areas where the Zika virus spreads locally must have safe sex or abstain from any report throughout pregnancy.

WHO action

WHO helps countries to stem the Zika virus disease by applying the measures outlined in the Strategic Response Framework:

• define the necessary research on the Zika virus disease and establish a priority on bringing together experts and partners;
• strengthen surveillance of Zika virus and potential complications;
• strengthen communication skills concerning risks to engage communities to better understand the risks associated with the Zika virus;
• strengthen the capacity of laboratories to detect the virus;
• help health authorities to implement vector control strategies to reduce populations of Aedes mosquitoes;
• prepare recommendations for clinical care and monitoring of people with complications Zika virus, in collaboration with experts and other organizations working in the health field.

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Definition of hypertension

High blood pressure (or hypertension) is defined by the elevation of the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of arteries. This blood pressure is characterized by two numbers (eg 130/70), the first (maximum) corresponding to contemporary pressure of cardiac contraction (systolic) and the second (minimum) is the heart relaxation in pressure between beats 2 ( diastolic). The unit of measurement is millimeters of mercury (mmHg) (or sometimes mercury cm: 140/70 mmHg = 14/7 cm Hg).

Hypertension is defined by numbers of higher blood pressure 140/90 mmHg or equal measured lying after several minutes of rest repeatedly by a cuff placed around the arm and connected to a mechanical or electronic manometer.

Risks and Complications of Hypertension

In the short term, sudden high blood pressure may be responsible for acute pain organs such as the brain (Stroke, hypertensive encephalitis), kidney (acute renal failure) or the heart (heart failure, acute coronary insufficiency ).

However most of the consequences of high blood pressure are long-term, linked to changes for several years at low noise of hypertension unsupported. The blood pressure will be liable for damages on all the arteries of the body by stiffening and onset or worsening of atherosclerosis.

This is particularly true for brain arteries (responsible stroke brain stroke), heart (responsible for myocardial infarction and heart failure), and kidney (causing chronic renal failure), but all arteries are affected including the legs (peripheral arterial disease). The achievement of all of the arteries and the heart is called cardiovascular disease is the second cause of death with 150 000 deaths per year (2011) after cancer.

The consequences of high blood pressure are all the more rapid and severe that it is significant (higher numbers) and that it is associated with other cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes, high cholesterol ( LDL), smoking, obesity and lack of physical exercise. Age, male gender and personal and family history of cardiovascular disease are also risk factors.

The causes of high blood pressure

In the vast majority of cases, high blood pressure is called "essential" that is to say that no cause is found. However, several risk factors for arterial hypertension are known as overweight, lack of physical activity or diet, particularly excess salt and diabetes mellitus.

In about 10% of cases, hypertension may be secondary to another disease. It may be a kidney disease and / renal artery (stenosis), adrenal or hormonal diseases.
Exceptionally high blood pressure may be linked to a single genetic mutation family.

Symptoms of high blood pressure

Hypertension is often "silent" that is to say, it is not accompanied by any symptoms. Thus more than half of adults with hypertension do not know. This is a serious factor because during the time that high blood pressure develops, it continues its deleterious effects on the arteries and heart.

When hypertension is severe and / or sudden, it may be accompanied by headache, nausea with or without vomiting, nosebleed. Black spots or white flashes can occur in vision.
The reference method for measuring blood pressure is taken after several minutes of rest, lying down, taking the armband, the 2 arms. Currently the electronic measurement is favored at home and in the office, preferably with an arm device validated rather than wrist (SFHTA 2011). Several successive measurements of blood pressure are necessary for diagnosis of hypertension.

Blood pressure varies throughout the day, it may be useful to obtain a measure covering a wider time so as to better reflect the stresses exerted on the arteries. For this, it is possible to achieve a measure of blood pressure over 24 hours (Holter blood pressure) or standardized way several times a day (MAPA: Automated Measurement of Blood Pressure).

With what does he not be confused with high blood pressure?
Blood pressure may exceed the limit of 140/90 mm ​​of mercury from time to time, for example because of the emotion that causes the consultation (high blood pressure so-called "white coat"). To make sense of things, the doctor may ask the patient to take his blood pressure at home, thanks to a self-measurement electronic device.

In hypertension "white coat", blood pressure falls below 135/85 mmHg at home. A home is recommended, sitting, three measurements in the morning at breakfast, three measurements in the evening before bedtime, three days in a row (rule 3). The measurements are spaced a few minutes (2011 recommendations of the Society of Hypertension).

It may overestimate blood pressure in obese people. We must then verify with a suitable cuff.
Finally, the equipment check (blood pressure) is necessary because calibration is rarely regularly from the manufacturer. With possibly resulting in a breach of hypertension or an unfounded alert.

Are there possible prevention of hypertension?

Yes. It is to act on the factors that can be modified, that is to say, the healthy lifestyle: eat more balanced, limit salt intake, fat and alcohol, engage in an activity regular physical, weight control, stop smoking.

These good habits are essential for those who have a genetic predisposition to hypertension, that is to say, those whose father and / or mother have high blood pressure, especially if she appeared before the age of 50 years

 When to consult?

Given the usual lack of symptoms of hypertension, it should be systematically search each medical and regularly after 50 years.
In the presence of the symptoms mentioned above, it is necessary to consult promptly their physician to develop a rapid and appropriate treatment.

What is the doctor?
The first "treatment" of arterial hypertension is that of the management of hypertension risk factors. This includes moderate in salt consumption, no smoking, a diet low in fat, regular physical activity and diabetes control if necessary.

The application of these rules before the onset of high blood pressure can prevent or delay the HTA.
If these lifestyle and dietary rules are insufficient, it is necessary to use antihypertensive therapy. Several classes of antihypertensive medications exist. These classes should be mentioned diuretics that help eliminate salt by action on the kidneys, beta blockers that slow heart rate, calcium channel blockers that increase the caliber of the arteries, and IEC ARA2 blocking a system increasing blood pressure and finally the central antihypertensives playing on the dilation of blood vessels.
These classes can be combined to get a better blood pressure control.

Hypertension: essential
- Chronic disease very common and frequency increases with age
- Purveyor of serious cardiovascular disease complications: stroke, heart attack, heart and kidney failure, ...
- Cardiovascular disease = 2nd cause of death (150,000 / year)
- Silent disease, often goes unnoticed: the importance of routine screening
- Risk factors and progression of hypertension: Smoking, diabetes mellitus, excessive salt intake, high cholesterol, lack of exercise, overweight
- No cause found in most cases: essential hypertension.
- Treatment: involves correcting +++ risk factors and if insufficient antihypertensive treatment.
- The importance of prevention of hypertension: management of risk factors prior to the onset of hypertension
- Antihypertensive: several classes of drugs that can be combined to achieve proper blood pressure control.
- Voltage Monitoring is essential: in the office and at home with a self-measurement.

Definition of herpes labialis


Herpes labialis is also called cold sore. This is the most common form of the herpes. It is caused by a virus (Herpes simplex virus type 1 or HSV-1) and is characterized by lesions of the oral region, preceded burns. Certain circumstances (fever, stress, fatigue ...) trigger recurrence and outbreaks of cold sores because the virus, once in the body, stays there for life.

Risks and consequences of herpes labialis

The forms of cold sores affecting the mouth and face are the most common, with infection typically occurring in childhood or in young adults. Between the ages of 20 and 40 years, 40-60% of the population would infected with HSV1. The HSV1 is responsible for a significant share of herpes especially among women. One of the major risks is the primary infection, that is to say the genital HSV1 infection during pregnancy, with consequences Infectious dramatic in newborns.

Causes and mechanisms of cold sores

The development of herpes labialis requires two phases:

Herpes primary infection phase

The primary herpetic infection phase infects cells of the skin or mucosa after direct contact with lesions (vesicles) shedding of the virus; This excretion is maximum in the first hours of vesicle formation. Excretion occurs at the time of primary infection, extensive

A phase reactivation or recurrence

There are also equally contaminating asymptomatic shedding. The virus multiplies and infects other cells. It can lie dormant for many years and reactivate with more or less significant symptoms (burning, itching, lesions ...).

Two types of virus are involved, but HSV1 is most often responsible for cold sores.

Symptoms of cold sores

Primary infection is rarely spotted, symptoms occurring most often in childhood or in young adults. It occurs a few days after contact with a person carrying the virus excretory lesions. Sometimes this primary infection is symptomatic and is manifested by a lesion in the lips accompanied by fever, swollen glands (pain, diet discomfort) or flu symptoms. Symptoms, including the feeding difficulty, must be taken seriously in children because they expose to dehydration.

Recurrences or cold sore outbreaks occur during many triggers fever, sun exposure, fatigue, rules, stress ...
The cold sore then manifested by the appearance of vesicles in clusters, often preceded by localized burning or itching on the outer edge of a lip. The cold sore can also affect the nose, chin or expand in the region of the mouth.

With what he does not confuse cold sores?

Scratching damage may cause similar superinfection impetigo (contagious infection of the skin). The lesions can then expand and autoentretenir with scabs and pus.

In case of persistent injury beyond a few days (7-10 days), medical consultation (attending physician or dermatologist) is required.

Does it possible to prevent cold sores?

Initial infection with HSV1 is most often during childhood, making it difficult to prevent contamination. It is nevertheless necessary to avoid kissing someone who has a cold sore and avoid using objects in direct contact with saliva or mouth.

Once contaminated, simple measures can limit outbreaks, avoid contamination or autocontamination and reduce symptoms.

Some circumstances favor outbreaks such as fever, stress, fatigue, alcohol, sun exposure (UV) or cold.
In return period, avoid direct contact between the vesicles and others (kisses), including those at risk such as infants, pregnant women and anyone with immune deficiency or atopic dermatitis (risk of serious complication). To avoid autocontamination, do not touch the blisters, do not rub your eyes or moisten the lenses with the saliva; it must instead wash hands regularly.

Applying an ice cube on the cold sore reduces the burning sensation or itching. Furthermore, the antiviral creams available in pharmacies are to be implemented at the first symptoms before the blisters appear.

When to consult?

Herpesvirus infections may be symptom-free or discreet: only a routine screening will put in evidence.
Cold sores are common and only a serious primary infection (infants, pregnant women, immunocompromised ...) is a therapeutic emergency.

What does the doctor?

If lesions (primary infection or recurrence), the doctor can visually establish a presumptive diagnosis. When in doubt or confirm the diagnosis, a blood test and / or a sampling of blisters or lesions with a swab, used to verify the presence of the virus. This diagnosis Direct virological is recommended that in case of damage atypical or before complications.

No treatment cure herpes, but antiviral drugs (local and systemic) can accelerate the cure of a herpes outbreak in some patients. The doctor or pharmacist will judge the appropriateness of prescribing during a flare or even long-term, prevention with frequent recurrences and disabling.

How to prepare my next appointment?

Do not hesitate to prepare a list of questions to avoid forgetting the D-Day Note the number of outbreaks and contributing factors: your doctor may help you and sometimes prescribe antivirals preventively.

Definition of genital herpes


Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease or STD that is transmitted during vaginal sex, anal or buccogénital. Genital herpes is caused by viruses called herpes simplex virus (HSV) in which there are two types (HSV1 and HSV2). This virus affects the mucous membranes and skin, causing mostly benign manifestations. Some forms of herpes can be severe and widespread in frail patients (newborns, pregnant women, immunocompromised). Once the virus contracted genital herpes, there is life in the body and symptoms may appear periodically: this is called "herpes outbreaks."

Risks and consequences of genital herpes

Genital herpes now affects 2 million people in France. The impact on the sexual life and quality of life can be important when extensive or frequent recurrences (four to five outbreaks a year). In addition, herpes lesions favor the transmission of other sexually transmitted diseases. The health challenge is to minimize the transmission of genital herpes.

Women are the first victims of genital herpes which 60-80% of cases are related to the HSV2 virus.

Symptoms and origins of genital herpes

The development of genital herpes requires two phases:

The primary herpetic infection phase

This phase infects cells of the skin or mucosa after sexual contact, for example. The virus replicates and infects other cells.

The reactivation phase or recurrence

The virus can remain dormant for many years and reactivate with more or less significant symptoms (burning, itching, lesions ...).

Two types of virus are involved, but HSV2 is usually responsible for genital herpes, while HSV-1 is found in the herpes labialis infections or "cold sore".

What are the symptoms of genital herpes?

The symptoms of genital herpes vary from one person to another. The primary infection may be asymptomatic (no symptoms) or be accompanied by signs such as pain or itching before the appearance of lesions. Lesions are in the region of the vagina, anus or penis and begin with a rash with vesicles (small transparent bubbles).

Subsequent outbreaks occur at varying rates but can be disabling. The symptoms are the same as those of the initial thrust and last 7 to 10 days. A tingling sensation may precede the rash.

With what he does not confuse genital herpes?

The cold sore or fever blister is associated with a virus from the same family, the HSV1. However, both viruses can indifferently achieve the genitals (genital herpes) and the face (herpes labialis). Thus, a patient with a cold sore may well infect her partner during a buccogénital sex.
Other causes of genital ulcers or lesions require medical care: any genital lesion so requires consultation and diagnosis (syphilis, HPV ...).

Does it possible to prevent genital herpes?


The only prevention is to avoid transmission of the virus. We must therefore abstain from genital sex, anal or oral sex with someone who has lesions, as they are not completely healed. Condom use does not completely protect the transmission of the virus (all contaminating areas are not covered). There is no vaccine against the virus of genital herpes.

If herpes outbreak with lesions and blisters, some steps may decrease or relieve symptoms: dry the affected areas, wear loose clothing, avoid touching the lesions and hand washing in all cases, not apply ointments without medical advice ...

When to consult?

Herpesvirus infections may be symptom-free or discreet: only a routine screening will put in evidence.
In general, any occurrence of genital warts or lesions should motivate a consultation with a doctor or dermatologist.

What does the doctor?

If lesions (primary infection or recurrence), the doctor can visually establish a presumptive diagnosis. When in doubt or confirm the diagnosis, blood tests and / or removal of lesions or vesicles with a swab, used to verify the presence of HSV1 or HSV2.

No treatment cure herpes, but antiviral drugs (local and systemic) can accelerate the cure of a herpes outbreak in some patients. The doctor will decide whether to prescribe or during a flare, long-term, prevention of relapses in patients with frequent recurrences and disabling.
The physician's role is also to support the pain, evaluating the triggering factors or circumstances suggest a psychological care if necessary and then recommend measures to reduce transmission (condom use during flare-ups in particular).

How to prepare my next appointment?

Definition of herniated disc

The herniated disc is an anatomical mechanism. Herniated disk in fact corresponds to the output of the disc located between the vertebrae of the spine.

Protruding outside its casing, the disc can compress the nerve roots and trigger eg vector sciatica. Thus, the herniated disc is often less known than its main symptom of sciatica.

All regions of the back can be involved, but the lumbar region (lower back) is widely the most affected.

Origins of herniated disks

Disc herniation is common in young subjects between 30 and 40 years.

Some postures like sitting position (drivers ...) or carrying heavy loads (snap-action, wrong move ...) favor herniated discs.

The age or trauma also accelerate aging of the disc and hernia.
Some risk factors are also identified to promote herniated disc: This is overweight and pregnancy. Genetic predisposition may also exist in some families; herniated discs while generally occur earlier than in the general population.

Causes and mechanisms of a herniated disc

The spine or vertebral spine is formed of a stack of vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs.

In case of overweight, improper movement or simply degeneration, this gelatinous disc can deform and break its protective bag. It then projects and forms the herniated disc.

A herniated disc can be asymptomatic if it compresses any nerve.
On the contrary, it can cause inflammation and pain if it compresses certain nerve roots (sciatica or femoral).

Symptoms and signs of a herniated disc
A herniated disc can long remain asymptomatic and cause no discomfort. In favor of a motion or time, it may be in pain, simple backache to the paralyzing sciatica.

These symptoms can appear suddenly and disappear or persist chronically.
Some triggers are often found, such as coughing, laughing or sneezing by increased abdominal pressure or forward leaning position.

The most common disc herniations are located in the lower back, with back pain and leg. The simple "back pain" is called low back pain, while pain that goes down the leg below the knee and is called sciatica or femoral neuralgia according to the compressed nerve root.

The sciatica associates for its pain with lumbar spine pain (irradiation) in a leg.

Herniated discs are possible in the cervical spine (neck area) and then cause arm pain spreading to the fingers.

With what should we be confused herniated discs?
It initially not confuse the word "hiatal hernia" and "herniated disc".

Hiatal hernia is a digestive disease which corresponds to the passage of a portion of the stomach above the diaphragm.

Furthermore, the pains of sciatica or back pain should not be confused with pain caused by another disease such as renal colic. Renal colic (kidney stones) also causes pain starting from the lower back and radiating to the front (towards the external genitalia).

Conducting a dipstick (or urinalysis) will usually very quickly diagnosis.

Will it possible to prevent slipped discs?
Simple lifestyle tips to prevent or limit the consequences of a protrusion or herniated disc.

This is to exercise regularly, to warm up before starting an effort to maintain and ensure a satisfactory abdominal and dorsal (support the spine).

Overweight should be avoided as much as possible by a balanced diet.
Gestures and postures are fundamental steps of prevention:

straight back, straight look, squat by bending the knees to lift a load, rest periods to stretch and stretch when sitting, straight-backed chairs and if possible swivel to avoid torsion.

The backpacks port is preferred to handbags and high heels (above 5 cm) are not recommended.


In addition to these tips and if proven herniated disc, you should not look too far forward or to make efforts (charging port ...).

Some simple exercises improve symptoms (on the back, bring knees to chest ...): consult your doctor.

Weight loss will also be beneficial.

When to consult?
In case of pain in the back or sciatic pain, signs must be warning signs and motivate emergency consultation.

This is the loss of strength (motor deficit) in one leg or paralysis (inability to take off the foot), difficulty urinating or bowel movement or otherwise of incontinence.
This is called medical emergencies which can sometimes require surgery to decompress the nerve roots crushed by the herniated disk.
Similarly, the unbearable pain despite treatment constitutes an emergency.

What is the doctor?
The doctor looks for certain signs suggestive of the original disc pain: increased cough, pain in the leg elevation (Lasegue), pain in the leg pressure between two vertebrae ...

The examination will specify the triggering circumstances (effort, wrong moves ...) and a complete neurological examination eliminate paralysis or complication.


Additional tests such as radiography of the spine or lumbar spine CT (or a magnetic resonance imaging or MRI) may be prescribed and confirm the presence of disc herniation (conflict between the disc and the nerve root). They are not systematic in front of a classic sciatica.

Treatment aims to relieve pain by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs against pain and muscle relaxants. The local injection of anti-inflammatory corticosteroid is also possible in case of failure of the first treatment.

Strict bed rest is usually offered for one or two days maximum, as it promotes muscle weakening back.

The prescription of physical therapy is also beneficial, especially to prevent recurrences.
Lumbar restraint belts are useful and help to keep activity during treatment.
Radical treatment is offered in second-line in case of failure of medical treatment. Two techniques are possible: surgically remove the disc or dissolve.

How to prepare my next appointment?
It is desirable to distinguish circumstances or movements that trigger pain. In fact, your doctor or physical therapist can offer the amenities of position or posture.

At work, the occupational physician can also help you in terms of ergonomics.